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If you're new to Ahrefs and want to run your first SEO audit, the fastest path is: open Site Explorer, enter your target URL, review the Overview for a health snapshot, then dig into Organic Keywords, Top Pages, and Site Audit to find specific problems. From there, build a short prioritized to-do list instead of trying to fix everything at once.

This tutorial walks through that workflow using a realistic starting scenario, explains what the numbers mean, and shows how to turn findings into actions.

Before You Start: Pick a Narrow Scope

A common beginner mistake is auditing an entire large website on day one. The reports become overwhelming, and you can't tell which issues matter.

Instead, choose one of these starting points:

• A single important page (your homepage or a key product/service page)
• A small site (under ~50 pages, e.g., a personal blog or small business site)
• One section of a bigger site (e.g., /blog/)

For this tutorial, assume you're auditing a small business site with about 30 pages. The same steps scale up later.

You'll need an Ahrefs account to follow along. Ahrefs offers paid plans, and pricing and feature limits change over time, so check the current Pricing page for what's included in each tier before committing.

Step 1: Enter Your Target in Site Explorer

Site Explorer is Ahrefs' core tool for analyzing any website or URL.

1. Open Site Explorer from the top navigation.
2. In the search box, paste your domain (e.g., example.com).
3. Choose the Exact URL or Domain mode depending on scope. For a full-site view, use Domain or Prefix; for a single page, use Exact URL.
4. Press Enter.

You'll land on the Overview report. Don't try to absorb everything — focus on four numbers first.

Reading the Overview Snapshot

Important caveat: Ahrefs' traffic and keyword numbers are estimates based on its own data. They won't match Google Search Console or your analytics exactly. Treat them as directional, not absolute.

Step 2: See What You Already Rank For

Go to Organic Keywords in the left sidebar. This shows queries where your site appears in search results.

Sort by Traffic (descending) to see which pages bring the most estimated visitors. Then look for:

• Keywords ranking in positions 4–15 — these are often the easiest wins. A small content or on-page improvement can push them onto page one.
• Keywords with high volume but low position — potential opportunities if the topic is relevant.
• Irrelevant keywords — if you rank for something off-topic, it may signal thin or mismatched content.

Write down 5–10 of the position 4–15 keywords. These become your first optimization targets.

Step 3: Find Your Best and Weakest Pages

Open Top Pages. This ranks your URLs by estimated organic traffic.

Look for two things:

1. Your top performers — understand what topics and formats work. Can you create more content like this?
2. Pages with traffic but poor rankings — these may need on-page fixes (title, headings, internal links).

If a page gets zero traffic and targets a topic you care about, it's a candidate for a rewrite or consolidation.

Step 4: Run a Technical Site Audit

Now move to Site Audit. This crawls your site and flags technical and on-page issues.

1. Click Site Audit → New project.
2. Enter your domain and set crawl settings (default is usually fine for a small site).
3. Start the crawl and wait for it to finish.

Once complete, you'll see a Health Score and a list of issues grouped by category.

Which Issues to Fix First

Not all issues are equal. Prioritize in this order:

Ignore low-impact warnings (like minor meta description length) until the big items are handled.

Step 5: Turn Findings Into a To-Do List

You now have raw data. Convert it into a short, actionable list. Example:

1. Fix 3 broken links found in Site Audit.
2. Rewrite title tags on 5 pages with duplicate titles.
3. Improve 4 pages ranking in positions 6–12 by adding missing subtopics and internal links.
4. Remove or update 2 thin pages with no traffic.

Keep the list to 5–10 items max for your first audit. Finishing a short list beats starting a long one.

Common Beginner Mistakes

• Chasing every red flag. Site Audit flags many minor issues. Fix what affects rankings and users first.
• Trusting estimates as exact numbers. Ahrefs data is modeled, not measured from your analytics.
• Auditing a huge site too early. Start small to learn the interface.
• Ignoring search intent. A page can be technically perfect but still fail if it doesn't match what searchers want.
• Forgetting to re-crawl. After fixes, run Site Audit again to confirm improvements.

Where to Go Next

Once your first audit is done:

• Compare with competitors using Site Explorer's Competing Domains and Content Gap reports.
• Track keyword rankings over time with Rank Tracker.
• Explore backlink opportunities in the Backlinks and Link Intersect reports.
• Set up recurring Site Audit crawls so new issues surface automatically.

Your first audit isn't about perfection — it's about building a repeatable habit: enter a target, read the key reports, pick the highest-impact fixes, and act. Do that once a month and your site's health compounds.

Start with LearnPython.org's chapter list and work through it in order, beginning with "Hello, World!" and moving through variables, lists, operators, conditions, loops, functions, classes, and dictionaries. The site is built for exactly this: it describes itself as a free interactive Python tutorial intended for everyone who wishes to learn the language, whether or not you have programmed before. The key advantage is that you write and run code directly in the browser, so you don't need to install Python locally before your first lesson.

Why an interactive tutorial works for beginners

Reading about syntax and actually typing it are different skills. An interactive tutorial closes that gap by having you complete coding challenges as you go, rather than only reading explanations. LearnPython.org's structure reflects this — you click a chapter, follow the instructions, and practice in the same place.

This matters most in the first few hours. Beginners often stall on environment setup (installing Python, choosing an editor, configuring paths) before writing a single line. Skipping that step lets you focus on the language itself.

The beginner chapter sequence

Work through these in order. Each builds on the previous one, so skipping ahead usually creates confusion rather than saving time.

A reasonable pace is one to three chapters per sitting, depending on how much the exercises slow you down. The exercises are the point — if a chapter feels easy, the practice still cements the syntax.

A note on the "Coding for Kids" section

The site includes a separate "Coding for Kids" track covering starting out, movement with functions, collecting items, pushing objects, printing on screen, and building objects. Despite the label, it's a gentler, more visual on-ramp that works for any absolute beginner who finds the standard chapters too abstract at first.

Advanced topics to tackle after the basics

Once conditions, loops, functions, and classes feel comfortable, move to the advanced tutorials. These are where Python's real expressiveness shows up:

• Generators and List Comprehensions — concise ways to produce and transform sequences
• Lambda functions and Multiple Function Arguments — flexible function definitions
• Regular Expressions — pattern matching in text
• Exception Handling — dealing with errors gracefully
• Sets and Serialization — additional data structures and saving/loading data
• Partial functions, Code Introspection, Closures, Decorators — functional and metaprogramming tools
• Map, Filter, Reduce — functional-style data processing
• Parsing CSV Files — a practical, real-world task

Don't rush this section. Decorators and closures in particular tend to require a second pass before they click.

What to do when you finish

The site states that after completing the tutorials you can get certified at LearnX and add that certification to your LinkedIn profile. If your goal is data science specifically, the site points to DataCamp's interactive Python tutorials covering data manipulation, data visualization, statistics, and machine learning. Note that DataCamp is a separate paid platform — the LearnPython.org page mentions a discount code for an annual subscription, which indicates a paid product rather than a free one.

For continued practice beyond tutorials, the site also links to a Python Tutorials and References course from After Hours Programming.

Common sticking points

• Skipping the exercises. The interactive format only pays off if you actually type the code. Watching a solution isn't the same as producing one.
• Jumping to advanced topics too early. Decorators and generators assume you're solid on functions and scope.
• Treating completion as mastery. Finishing the chapter list gives you a working vocabulary, not fluency. Build something small — a script that parses a CSV, a simple class-based program — to consolidate what you've learned.
• Assuming everything linked is free. LearnPython.org itself is presented as a free interactive tutorial, but the DataCamp resources it promotes are a commercial product with a subscription.

The fastest path for a true beginner is simple: open the first chapter, follow the instructions, and don't move on until you can write the code yourself without looking back.

ViaVersion is a protocol translator for Minecraft: Java Edition. It sits between the client and the server and rewrites network packets so that a client running one Minecraft version can join a server running a different one. According to the ViaVersion Project, its software supports "all common platforms and our own standalone proxy to join from basically any client version on any server version from the past decade." You need it when you run a server and want players on older or newer Java Edition clients to connect without asking everyone to match versions exactly.

The core problem it solves

Minecraft: Java Edition changes its network protocol with most updates. A vanilla server only accepts clients speaking its own protocol version, so after an update, players who haven't updated (or who deliberately stay on an older version) get a version-mismatch error and can't join. The ViaVersion homepage frames this directly with the heading "Why Lose Players After a Minecraft Update?" — the project exists so a server update doesn't cut off part of your player base.

How the translation works

The mechanism is packet-level translation, not a game-content mod:

1. A client connects and reports its protocol version.
2. ViaVersion intercepts the packets flowing between client and server.
3. It converts packet formats, IDs, and data structures from the client's version into what the server expects, and back again for outbound traffic.
4. The server sees a compatible client, and the client sees a compatible server.

Because this happens at the protocol layer, the server software itself doesn't need to be rewritten. That's why the same project can ship as plugins, mods, and a standalone proxy rather than one single build.

What "any version on any version" means in practice

The project describes support for client and server versions spanning roughly the past decade. In practice this means:

• A player on an older client can join a server running a newer version.
• A player on a newer client can join a server still running an older version.
• You don't have to force every player onto one exact version to play together.

Exact version coverage shifts as Minecraft releases new updates, so check the current documentation rather than assuming a specific pair of versions is supported.

What software is included

ViaVersion is an umbrella project, not a single download. The site lists several categories:

The project was founded in 2016 by FormallyMyles and has been maintained by a team of developers since. It also publishes Javadocs, a repository, a Jenkins CI instance, and community spaces on Discord, GitHub, Hangar, and Modrinth.

Do you actually need it?

Use this as a quick decision guide:

• You run a server and players are on mixed versions → you likely want ViaVersion, installed as the plugin, mod, or proxy that matches your platform.
• You run a server where everyone is already on the same version → you don't need it for compatibility, though it can still help absorb future updates.
• You're a player on a server you don't control → you can't install it yourself; the server owner decides. Your options are updating, downgrading, or using a client-side solution the server supports.
• You want to connect across versions without a specific server platform → the standalone proxy is the relevant piece.

The first real decision is your server platform, because that determines whether you install a plugin, a mod, or run the proxy.

Getting started

The homepage points to an installation guide for people who "don't know where to start." The general flow is:

1. Identify your server platform and the Minecraft version it runs.
2. Pick the matching ViaVersion component (plugin, mod, or proxy).
3. Follow the official setup instructions for that component.
4. Start the server and confirm it loads without errors.
5. Test by connecting with a client on a different version than the server.

Verification: the clearest success signal is a client on a mismatched version reaching the server without a version-mismatch disconnect. If it fails, the version pair you're testing may simply not be covered, or the component may not match your platform.

Common sticking points

• Wrong component for your platform. A plugin won't help a setup that needs the proxy, and vice versa.
• Assuming every version pair works. Coverage is broad but not infinite; confirm your specific versions in the docs.
• Expecting content parity. Protocol translation handles connectivity. Features that don't exist in an older client version still won't appear there.
• Skipping the setup guide. The project maintains its own installation documentation, which is the authoritative source over third-party tutorials.

Where to get help

If something breaks, the project's own channels are the place to look: the documentation, the GitHub repository for issues and pull requests, and the community Discord. The team also states it welcomes contributions via pull requests, donations, and services, and lists Javadocs, Jenkins CI, Hangar, and Modrinth as part of its infrastructure.

Lerna is a build system for managing and publishing multiple JavaScript or TypeScript packages from a single repository. It fits teams that keep several interdependent packages together and need coordinated versioning, publishing, and task running. If you only have one package, or your packages never share code or releases, Lerna adds overhead without much benefit.

The core problem Lerna solves

A monorepo puts many packages in one repository. That makes sharing code easy, but it creates coordination work:

• Which packages changed since the last release?
• What version should each changed package get?
• In what order should packages be published so dependencies exist first?
• How do you run a build or test across all packages without doing it manually?

Lerna addresses these by understanding the dependency graph between your packages and acting on it.

How Lerna manages a monorepo

Versioning

Lerna tracks which packages changed and updates their versions together or independently. It supports two common modes:

• Fixed mode: all packages share one version number and are released together.
• Independent mode: each package gets its own version, so you can release only what changed.

The choice matters. Fixed mode is simpler and suits tightly coupled packages. Independent mode gives finer control but requires more discipline.

Publishing

When you publish, Lerna determines the correct order based on inter-package dependencies, so a package that depends on another is published after its dependency. It can also create git tags and update changelogs as part of the release.

Running tasks across packages

Lerna can run a command (build, test, lint) across multiple packages, and it can scope that to only the packages affected by recent changes. This is the part that saves the most time in large repos, because you avoid rebuilding everything on every change.

Lerna and Nx

Lerna is now part of the Nx ecosystem. The relationship matters when you choose tooling:

• Lerna handles the monorepo versioning and publishing workflow.
• Nx provides the broader task running, caching, and project graph capabilities.

In practice, Lerna can use Nx under the hood for task execution and caching. If you already use Nx, Lerna fits as the release layer. If you only need publishing and versioning, Lerna can stand alone.

Lerna vs. plain npm/yarn workspaces

Workspaces solve dependency linking. Lerna solves the release and task-orchestration layer on top. Many projects use both: workspaces for installation, Lerna for versioning and publishing.

When Lerna is the right choice

Consider Lerna when:

• You maintain multiple packages that depend on each other.
• You need repeatable, ordered releases rather than manual npm publish per package.
• You want to run builds or tests only for packages affected by a change.
• You are already in or moving toward the Nx ecosystem.

Look elsewhere when:

• You have a single package.
• Your packages are released independently by different teams with no shared release process.
• You only need local linking and never publish.

Where to start

Begin with the Lerna documentation at lerna.js.org. The typical first steps are initializing Lerna in an existing repository, defining your package locations, and choosing fixed or independent versioning before your first release. Getting the versioning mode right early avoids a painful migration later.