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What is NCEO?
NCEO is the National Center on Educational Outcomes, a center focused on making sure students with disabilities—including students who are also English learners—are included in instruction and in assessments. Its work covers accessibility across the whole assessment system, from formative and classroom-based assessment through diagnostic, interim and summative tests. In practical terms, it is a research-and-resources organization for the people who set assessment policy and the educators and families who live with it.
Who it is useful for
- State and district assessment staff looking for guidance on participation policies, accommodations and reporting.
- Special education directors and school leaders who need toolkits and summaries rather than long research reports.
- Families choosing a school for a student with a disability, who want to know how learning will be measured and reported.
- Researchers who want searchable summaries and bibliographies on accommodations and alternate assessments.
What the site offers
The homepage points to a set of practical toolkits and data resources: a 1% Toolkit (on alternate assessments for students with the most significant cognitive disabilities), an Accommodations Toolkit, a Participation Communication Toolkit, an ELs with Disabilities Toolkit, a Special Education Directors Toolkit, and a School Leader Series. It also hosts Annual Performance Reports, assessment snapshot data, searchable research summaries, and bibliographies on alternate assessments and accommodations. Recent publications include a brief on supporting statewide assessment participation and one aimed at families, More Than a Score, which suggests questions to ask about assessment when choosing a school.
A useful next step: if you are a parent, start with the family-oriented brief; if you are a district or state staff member, go to the Participation Communication Toolkit or the 1% Toolkit, depending on whether your question is about general participation or alternate assessment. For broader context on federal special education law and policy, the U.S. Department of Education at U.S. Department of Education is the official source.
How does NCEO support the inclusion of students with disabilities in statewide assessments?
NCEO supports inclusion mainly by producing practical guidance and toolkits that help states, districts and schools make assessments accessible and ensure students with disabilities participate meaningfully in statewide testing. Its work covers the full assessment system—formative, classroom-based, diagnostic, interim and summative—and extends to students who are also English learners.
What NCEO offers
- Accommodations Toolkit and Accommodations Bibliography: guidance on selecting and applying assessment accommodations.
- 1% Toolkit: resources on the small group of students who take alternate assessments based on alternate achievement standards (AA-AAAS).
- Participation Communication Toolkit and a brief on supporting statewide assessment participation: help for agencies improving participation policies.
- ELs with Disabilities Toolkit: targeted support for English learners with disabilities.
- Data and reporting tools such as Annual Performance Reports, Assessment Snapshot Data and Data Analytics: for tracking participation and outcomes.
- Videos, a School Leader Series and Searchable Research Summaries: for training staff and finding evidence quickly.
Who uses it, and how
A district assessment coordinator preparing for spring testing could use the Accommodations Toolkit to standardize how teams document and apply accommodations, then check participation data to spot schools with unusually low rates. A family choosing a school might use the brief "More Than a Score" to ask how their child's learning will be measured and reported.
The trade-off: NCEO is a research and resource center rather than a source of ready-made state policy, so users must adapt its guidance to their own state rules. For broader special education policy context, see IDEA.
What tools and resources does NCEO offer for selecting assessment accommodations?
NCEO's main resource for assessment accommodations is its Accommodations Toolkit, listed among the site's Quick Links. Its work centers on including students with disabilities, including English learners with disabilities, in instruction and assessments across the full assessment system—formative, classroom-based, diagnostic, interim and summative.
Related resources on the site that support accommodation decisions include a Searchable Research Summaries section and an Accommodations Bibliography, which help connect decisions to research evidence. A 1% Toolkit covers participation in the alternate assessment based on alternate academic achievement standards (AA-AAAS), which is a related but distinct decision from choosing accommodations. The site also publishes briefs, such as one aimed at state and local agencies on improving assessment policies so students with disabilities fully participate in statewide assessments.
Who it suits and how to use it
- IEP teams and special education staff: start with the Accommodations Toolkit, then check the research summaries and bibliography for evidence behind specific accommodations.
- District and state assessment staff: the policy briefs and participation resources support broader decisions about access and participation.
- Families: a recent brief on choosing a school explains questions to ask about how a student's learning will be measured and reported, though it addresses school choice rather than accommodation selection directly.
As a practical next step, identify the specific accommodation under consideration (for example, read-aloud or extended time), then look for it in the toolkit and cross-check the research summaries before finalizing it in an IEP. For general background on accommodations and universal design for learning, the official sites of CAST and Understanding Accessibility may be useful complements, but NCEO's own toolkit should be your starting point.
How can families of students with disabilities use assessment information when choosing a school?
Families can use assessment information to check whether a school measures and reports learning in ways that fit their child—especially whether the child is expected to participate in statewide assessments and how results are explained to parents. NCEO's brief "More Than a Score" recommends asking how your student's learning will be measured and reported, and it defines key assessment terms so you can interpret the answers. NCEO
Questions worth asking a school
- Will my child take the statewide assessment, and with which accommodations or alternate assessment, if eligible?
- How are results reported to families, and who explains them?
- How does the school use assessment results to adjust instruction?
- How are students who are also English learners assessed?
How to read the answers
A school that gives specific, documented answers—named assessments, described accommodations, a contact for explaining results—is easier to compare than one that speaks only generally about "support." Weigh the school's approach against your child's needs: a strong inclusion record matters more than a single score.
Next step: bring the questions above to a school visit and ask for a sample score report, then compare two or three schools on the same points.
What guidance does NCEO provide on participation of English learners with disabilities in assessments?
NCEO treats English learners with disabilities as a distinct group whose assessment participation needs explicit attention, not as a byproduct of separate special-education or English-learner policies. Its stated scope covers inclusion of students with disabilities, "including those who are also English learners," across the whole assessment system—formative and classroom-based work, diagnostics, interim tests and summative statewide tests—with a strong emphasis on accessibility.
What the site offers on this topic
- A dedicated ELs with Disabilities Toolkit, listed in its Quick Links, which is the most direct starting point for practitioners working on this overlap group.
- Accommodations Toolkit and Accommodations Bibliography, relevant because accommodation decisions for these students must account for both disability-related and language-related needs.
- Participation resources, including a "Participation Matters" brief aimed at policymakers and state/local agencies on ensuring students with disabilities fully participate in statewide assessments—useful background for the participation decision itself.
- Data and reporting tools such as Assessment Snapshot Data, Annual Performance Reports and Data Analytics, which support examining participation and performance patterns rather than relying on anecdote.
- A School Leader Series, Special Education Directors Toolkit and videos, which translate the same material for administrators rather than researchers.
Who each piece suits
| Reader | Best entry point | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Teacher or IEP team member | ELs with Disabilities Toolkit; Accommodations Toolkit | Day-to-day accommodation and accessibility decisions |
| State or district assessment staff | Participation Matters brief; Assessment Snapshot Data | Policy design and monitoring participation rates |
| School leader | School Leader Series; Special Education Directors Toolkit | Building processes and staff capacity |
| Family or advocate | "More Than a Score" brief | Questions to ask schools about how learning is measured |
A practical next step
If you sit on an IEP or placement team, open the ELs with Disabilities Toolkit first and use it to prepare one question for the next meeting: which accessibility features and accommodations are being chosen for this student, and on what evidence—language proficiency, disability, or both? Pair that with the Accommodations Toolkit to check whether the selected supports are ones the student actually uses in classroom instruction, since a support used only on test day is rarely a valid one. Teams weighing school options can borrow the question set from the "More Than a Score" brief. For a broader view of how participation is tracked nationally, the Assessment Snapshot Data complements these tools.
Where can state education leaders find NCEO data, reports, and research summaries on assessment outcomes?
State education leaders can find NCEO's assessment data, reports and research summaries directly on its site at NCEO. The page's Quick Links point to the most relevant destinations: Assessment Snapshot Data and Data Analytics for outcome data, Annual Performance Reports (APR) for state reporting, and Searchable Research Summaries for condensed research findings. Topic toolkits cover the 1% cap on alternate assessments, accommodations, participation, and English learners with disabilities.
Matching the resource to the task
| If you need to… | Start with |
|---|---|
| See participation and outcome figures | Assessment Snapshot Data; Data Analytics |
| Support state reporting and accountability work | Annual Performance Reports (APR) |
| Find condensed research on a specific question | Searchable Research Summaries |
| Brief staff or districts on a policy area | 1% Toolkit; Accommodations Toolkit; Participation Communication Toolkit |
| Review the evidence base behind a practice | AA-AAAS Bibliography; Accommodations Bibliography |
A practical next step
Suppose your assessment office is revising participation policies for students with disabilities. Begin with the "Participation Matters" brief linked from the Latest News section, which connects policymakers to NCEO resources on ensuring full participation in statewide assessments. Pair it with the Participation Communication Toolkit to plan messaging to districts and families, then check the Searchable Research Summaries for evidence on specific accommodations or decision-making practices. The family-facing brief "More Than a Score" is useful if your agency also advises parents on asking about assessment when choosing a school.
For broader context on special education policy and data, the U.S. Department of Education at U.S. Department of Education publishes related federal guidance and reporting.
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